A Case Study of Change Management from External Forces: Dell Computers

A Case Study of Change worry from External Forces dell ComputersTwo things characterize the business surroundings today they be competition and change. Therefore, todays environment puts a premium on effective leading. In fast- changing, team- oriented environment, managers need effective leaders skills so they put forward motivate knowledge scoreers, build self-importance-managing teams, and lead transformation.In 1994, dingle was a struggling, the bon ton consistent its comp mavinnts in advance and manufactured to inventory. Change was needed and was triggered by factors outside the club. The modern business personate that dell implemented converted its operations to a build-to-order process, eliminated its inventories through a just-in-time system, and sold its products directly to consumers move these new supply grasp capabilities at the core of its strategy. dell developed a supply chain mastery that went far beyond the simple pursuit of efficiency and asset produc tivity. However, the company had to key a series of very difficult strategic trade bump offs to contract its functional activities into alignment with its new business model. (Copacino, 1999). jam Burns who wrote a book most c totallyed Leadership says changes handle these require the guidance of transformational leaders who bring out change, innovation, and entrepreneurship. They are responsible for leading a corporate transformation that recognizes the need for revitalization, creates a new vision, and institutionalizes change. Transformational leaders inspire their chase to want to make the change and attempt to raise the needs of followers by promoting dramatic change in individuals, groups and organizations. Such leaders too encourage and obtain achievement beyond expectation by formulating visions and then inspiring subordinates to pursue them. They focus on accomplishing the task at hand and maintaining good working relationship. It is common for the transformational leader to passionately communicate a future elevated organization that provide be shared. He or she mathematical functions visionary explanations to illustrate what the employee work group can accomplish in order to motivate the employees to achieve these organizational aims. Therefore, a transformational leader could make the company much successful by valuing its associates. sensation such example is dingle CEO Michael dell who did it instal one of the worlds most sophisticated direct- sales operations eliminating resellers markups and the need for overlarge inventories, and keeping a tight grip on cost.dells mission statement is be the most successful estimator company in the world at delivering the customer service experience in markets we serve. With their markets changing so fast death chair Michael Dell had to ceaselessly focus his companys and employees attention on the companys mission. He has been quoted saying that looking for time value shifts in the compa nys mission companys customer base is the most important leadership responsibility. In other words, Michael Dell had to constantly monitor what Dells customers want in terms of value. He had to stay in close contact with customers, and make sure that everything Dell does, Dell is addressing the customer needs.How do you build such a company? For Dell computers, the answer meant exploitation technology and information to blur the traditional boundaries in the value chain among suppliers, manufacturers, and the termination users it basically meant that there are no intermediaries like wholesalers or retailers to come between Dell and its customers and suppliers thus, Dell can be oftentimes faster-moving company that it might otherwise be. For most computer companies, the manufacturing process is like a relay race components come in from suppliers, these components are assembled into computers, and the computers are then handed off to be distributed through wholesalers and retailers to the ultimate customers. Dells system changed all that. Dell interacts with and sells to customers directly, so it eliminates the activities of the wholesalers and retailers in the traditional distribution chain.The current stintingal crises are having a tremendous impact on how companies do business. Even one of the worlds biggest computer companies, like Dell has experienced this recession and had to make critical and dangerous decisions of lowering beat the cost of expenses and tightening their belts. Today, Dell Inc. is cutting costs to weather a soft PC sales market, and even founder and CEO Michael Dell is feeling the pinch. The company disclosed proxy information that showed his summarise compensation declined by more(prenominal) than $200,000 in the latest fiscal year, to $2.1 million. The decline came mainly in the value of option awards, which were higher the previous year. Michael Dell received $931,731 in salary, stock options the company valued at $16,766 and per sonal security services valued at $1.1 million. Because Dell Inc.s bonuses for senior executives are tied to company performance, Michael Dell did not receive a bonus in the latest year, just as he has not the past cardinal years. (Ladendorf, 2009).Meanwhile, to cut operational costs and to save money, the company has shut pop out factories and outsourced strongware manufacturing. Also, the company has laid off 1,900 employees and shifted its European PC manufacturing operation from Ireland to Poland. Like many companies, Dell has also been looking down the road and plans on spending $70 billion on computer parts from China between 2007-2009. Thats a lot of cash, but this could also save the company in a recession when peck do not control much money and want much cheaper computers. Dell also cut 10% in global parentages goal year, and announced further job cuts at its Ireland sites earlier this year. But what I found most interesting is the erudition of David Johnson the fo rmer tweet IBM Corp. in early June. Although IBM still is pursuing a lawsuit against Johnson, saying his move to Dell Inc. violate a noncompet agreement recent court rulings have freed him to take an active role guiding Dells acquisition strategies. Johnsons hiring could be a signal that Dell intends to buy other companies, a growth strategy it has use less often than many of its industry peers. CEO Michael Dell also is expected to talk about the companys growth prospects, both from existing operations and from any companies that it might buy.Analysts are split on whether Dell will try to do big, transformational deals that would change the makeup of the company, or smaller, less risky acquisitions. A.M. Toni Sacconaghi with Bernstein Research verbalize he expects Dell to make smaller deals as it tries to bolster its corporate-oriented service and product offerings. He quoted Brian Gladden, Dells important financial officer, as saying the company is unlikely to do big deals and that it viewed its $1.4 billion acquisition of EqualLogic last year as the sweet spot. EqualLogic, which sells data storage systems, is Dells largest acquisition to date. Sacconaghi concluded that for Dell, smaller deals make star because no obvious transformational targets exist, the odds of successful integration of the acquired company are wear with smaller deals, and large acquisitions could distract top executives from the their two-year campaign to turn the company around integration of the acquired company are better with smaller deals, and large acquisitions could distract top executives from the their two-year campaign to turn the company around. (Ladendorf, 2009).One Wall Street analysts who follows Dell Inc. say theyve been impressed by the companys ability to cut costs and devolve cash flow in the face of a steep industry downturn. Forward-looking businesses are using IT to target unnecessary cost and complexity, Dell said. Dell Inc. will continue to tap into IT for i nnovation and efficiency, and doing so now Dell Inc. will set itself apart as the global economy inevitably improves Dell identified three keys to smart ITIncreased standardization and virtualizationBetter resource management that reduces IT maintenanceGreener compute that not only reduces carbon emissions but saves on energy costs.Dell itself has reaped the benefits of such IT improvements facility improvements and a global power-management initiative that switches off computers when not in use is saving the company about $3 million a year and reducing its carbon footprint by some 20,000 tones. (Greenbang, 2009).Today the Dell machine is firing on all cylinders. In addition to being a PC juggernaut, Dell is moving fast into the $10 billion network server business. In notebook PCs, Dell has experience the sixth-largest seller in the $40 billion market. Now, Dell is working on elbow rooms to combine its PC knowhow with better networking service. Through a partnership with network equipment maker 3Com Corp., Dell is trying to slash the 60 to 90 days required to test computer and networking configurations to just two weeks. Instead of each raceway independent tests of the same gear, Dell will deliver to 3Com each new computer so that 3Com can test compatibility with its networking devices (Business week).Leading and organizational change can be treacherous there are no silver bullets or single- shot method of changing organizations successfully. (Ashford University). Single shot rarely hit a challenging target. Usually, many issues need simultaneous attention and any single, small change will be absorbed by the prevailing culture and disappear the change may require the cooperation of dozens of managers and underground may be considerable. However, whether the required change is simple or complex, technological or structural or the basic organizational change process remains basically the sameexecutives must ask themselves three basic questions. What are the forces acting upon them? What should we change? And how should we change it?According to Hesselbein and Cohen (1999), organizations that take the time to teach leadership are far ahead of the competition. By becoming familiar with the transformational leadership approach and combining the quaternity Is, (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration), managers should be able to handle the unforeseen change more effectively. Transformational leadership strategy must also make sense in terms of the business overall hawkish strategy. Today, leaders have to be able to transform their company fast.Socio Economic Inequalities healthSocio Economic Inequalities healthResearch on health inequalities is grounded in social epidemiology, which explains how peoples social circumstances affect their health (Graham, H 20075).Explanatory frameworks have been presented and theories proposed in order to explain the variations in health ac ross social programme (Asthana, S Halliday, J 200645). This essay will discuss and analyze the sociological theory necessary to figure social class inequalities in health indoors the UK. Implications for health policy and coiffe will also be discussed.DiscussionSocio-economic inequalities in health demographic, mortality and morbidity information disciplines outlined since the 1980s the fulfilment of which ill-health and death are unequally distributed among UK The Black Report (1980), Health Divide (1988), The Acheson Report (1998), The Solid Facts, WHO (2003), The Marmot palingenesis (2010).These documents identified a social gradient in health socio-economic status (SES) influences health, whereby higher position equates to better health (Caspi, A Poulton, R 2003). From here, sociology found a correlation between mortality against social position. Britton et al (1990), Rosato, M et al (1998), Reid, A Harding, S (2000a)(2000b) Asthana, S. et al (2004) Marmot Wilkinson, (2005) Barry Yuill, (2008) Health hatful for England (HSE) provide information on mortality and morbidity by social class people in class I have longest aliveness expectancy while people in Class IV have the shortest animation span mortality is greater in Wales, Scotland, N. Ireland and N. England than in S. England same patterns appear for IHD, stroke and cancer mortality in between social classes, but is less evident for accidents and suicide risk of developing continuing illness in adult life is high for people with low SES childhood mortality is more prevalent in socially dis payoffd groupsSociological theory The cultural / behavioural explanationIn this argument primary responsibility for the differential between social position and health is placed within the individual, rather than the larger society a culture of poverty approach(Matcha, D.A 200390). Explanations focus on the way individuals from different social groups lead their lives (Clarke, A 2003122). Smoking, alco hol, diet and exercise are chosen for detailed enquiry, as they are thought to be voluntary choices (Blaxter, M 1990113).Social epidemiologists identified a hard and a soft version of cultural/ sortal explanation. Both versions start by observing that health-damaging behaviors are more prevalent among the poor than the socially disadvantaged (Asthana, S Halliday, J 2006). The hard version implies that behaviors are voluntary, the government issue of individual decisions (Blaxter, M 1990) thus, the fact that people adopt unhealthy behaviors is due to ignorance, recklessness or fatalism (Asthana, S Halliday, J 200626).The soft version suggests that rather that seeing health-related behaviors as a cause of health inequalities, they should be seen as outcome or consequences of differences in the material circumstances between socio-economic groups behavior as a result of culture (Asthana, S Halliday, J 200627). For example, in Britain smoking displays a clear class-gradient the less advantage social class, the more likely is the individual will smoke (Bartley, M. 200465). Townsend, in 1995 shows that 70% of single parents on low income, social housing, manual occupations, with few educational qualifications, are regular smokers. Also, in 1998, The Office for interior(a) Statistics showed that levels of smoking for men were 12% for class I and 41% in class V.However, in sociological research focus exists on behavior rather than culture (Woodward et al, 1992 Lynch, Kaplan and Salonon, 1997b) because reckless behavior is not accredited as a definition of culture (Bartley, M. 200468).Bosma, Von Mheen and Mackenbach, (1999a) (cited in Bartley, M 200466) suggest a direct behavioral model in which people with low status and income are less endowed with intelligence and make out skills which make them unable to grasp the long-term health consequences of things that give them short-term pleasure (e.g. smoking, drinking, etc).Regarding education and behavior Blaxter, 1990 Gran, (1995), Hoeymans et al., 1996 (cited in Bartley, M. 2004) find that education is correlated with health behavior educated people have a better understanding of health. They also make better use of preventive health measures such as contraception, screening services or immunization. For example, a survey published in 2007 by Health Survey for England (HSE) Healthy lifestyles knowledge, attitudes and behavior 30% men and 24% women agreed with the statement I get woolly-headed over whats supposed to be healthy and what isnt(p. 108).Marmot et al (1981 ) that individuals from class V have high relative incidence of CHD due to diet being higher in sugar content than in fiber. National solid food Survey (1985) shows that low-income groups purchase less vegetables, fruits or whole meal bred.Behavioral explanations view consumption patterns as a reflection of cultural differences in the way people live their lives. Lifestyles are thought to be shaped by traditional views and s ocially accepted patterns of behavior. The fact that low income may constrain food choice is ignored or rejected (Clarke, A 2001 123)Critique and weaknesses of the cultural/ behavioral explanationThe task with this explanation is that it sepa judge behavior from the social context in which it takes place and effectively blames the victim of health distinction for the poor health that they experience (Asthana, S Halliday, J 200626). Instead, individual decisionmaking should be seen in the context of the social structure and of the constraints that impede the behaviors of people.In support to this, Dobson et al 1994(cited in Barry Yuill 2006) researched forty-eight households to observe food purchasing and attitudes toward eating. They found a pattern of life under constant economic restrictions. Also, in 1991, the national Childrens Homes survey on nutrition and poverty finds that 1 child in 10 and 1 adult in 5 skip meals because of costs. Thus, it is not people failing to pract ice good health habits but their choice is affected by limited funds (Barry Yuill 2006108). Also, in an HSE survey (2007) 22% men and 20% women agree, it costs too muchto eat healthy (p. 108). In 2010, The Marmot Review emphasized that insufficient funds to lead a healthy life is a significant cause of health inequalities (p. 29)Although health-damaging behaviors are more common among low groups, these groups also lack adequate income, decent housing and secure employment. Therefore it is hard to separate behavioral explanation (Gatrell, C.A 2003 113) from structural/material explanation (poor housing unhealthy life) and social woof explanation (poor health for low class unhealthy life)Health policy response to inequalities in health linked to social classAdvocating healthy public policies is the most important strategy we can use to act on the determinants of health. (CPHA attain Statement on Health Promotion 1996)Up to date health policies include The New NHS (1997) A First Cla ss receipts (1998) Choosing Health (2004) The Wanless Report (2004) Tackling Health Inequalities (2008) Darzi Report (2008) The Marmot Review (2010)The Marmot reviewPolicy objectives A-F Give every child the best start in life Enable all children, young people and adults to maximize their capabilities and have control over their lives Create plum employment and good work for all Ensure a healthy standard living for all Create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities Strengthen the role and impact of ill-health prevention. (UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and earthly concern Health, 2010)Implications for health assist practiceImportant documents Choosing health making healthy choices easier (2004) and Health Challenge England (2006) people need convenience and choice in advice available to prevent ill health.Health care practice can contribute to reducing health inequalities through Assessment / use of evidence accurate appraisal of peoples health promoti on needs linking evidence of practice outcomes to broader changes Strategy population specific health care strategies getting the promotion/prevention/treatment balance right Communication Collaboration 1.collaboration with people involving and amiable most excluded 2.collaboration with MDT assessing / implementing / evaluating / updating Training improving training and professional development, particularly in relation to work with most disadvantaged Service development being well informed about health disparity trends, impacts and intervention effectiveness Service access reducing financial barriers to health care Resource apportioning making conscious, informed choices about priorities.(Wiseman, J 2007)(Choosing Health 2004)The time for action on health and health inequalitiesHealth in the consumer societyChildren and young people starting on the right path local anesthetic anaesthetic communities leading for healthHealth as a way of lifeA health-promoting NHSMaking it run a risk national and local deliveryConsultation making it happenAssessment suitable assessment of local needs (collaborative therefore patient and public involvement / use of evidence)StrategyCommunication appropriateness (methods and means)Service Needs (recruitment, training)Resources (access, materials, skills mix MDT?, suitable tools and interventions)ReferencesAsthana, S., Gibson, A., Moon, G., Brigham, P. and Dicker, J. 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