The problems in the administrative management of Saudi bureaucracy generally, as well as in individual organizations, result bear-sizedly from conflicts stemming from the mingling of the traditional and the contemporary in the country. Managerial attitudes and policies derive from Saudi Arabia's tradition of centralised authority, as exemplified by the political and spiritual unity in the societal structure, and from the jealously guarded prerogatives of the country's affectionate elite in the development and administration of the country and its organizations. These attitudes and policies derived from traditional values often clash with the realities of contemporary Saudi society.
Within the context of social stratification, the process of social modernization creates social groupings which did not previously exist within the affected society, as well as changing the relationships between those so
Ott, Lyman. (1988). An induction to statistical methods and data analysis. (3rd ed.). Boston: PWSKent Publishing Company.
1. It is hypothesized that, prior to any intervention, operationallevel administrators and managers get out take control more validatory attitudes than will seniorlevel administrators and managers toward data recovery readying for electronic information systems.
2. It is hypothesized that, prior to any intervention, expatriate administrators and managers will hold more positive attitudes than will Saudi administrators and managers toward data recovery planning for electronic information systems.
4. A vastly enlarged group within the population with exposure to abroad social mores and political values.
Prior to this development, only a some students from wealthy and very wealthy families were sent to Europe and newton America for universitylevel education, as opposed to the sending of large numbers of qualified students from all socioeconomic strata, which began in the young1960s, and as opposed to the prior almost total absence seizure of contact with foreigners in everyday Saudi life (Hajrah, 1991, pp. 200, 212, 244).
4. It is hypothesized that, prior to any intervention, administrators and managers who accorded a highlevel of significance to let looseer-rankingprobability/highloss potential events will hold more positive attitudes than will those administrators and managers who perceived a lowoperational significance for such events toward data recovery planning for electronic information systems.
The reliability of a data accruement procedure is a contributor to the validity of that procedure, rather than the another(prenominal) way around. Further, an instrument cannot be valid if it is not too reliable; however, just because it is reliable, it is not, of necessity, valid. To illustrate these points, consider, again, the case of the instrument gradational in feet and inches which may be used to measure the height of a group of individuals. If t
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