The Use of Digital Electronic Data and Electronic Spatial

Pickles (1995) summarizes the field of possible applications; it should be noted that within each of these possible applications a enormous range of philosophies and motivations is possible.

[GIS is} a research community that transcends disciplinary boundaries; an ascend to geographical inquiry and spatial data handling; a series of technologies for collecting, manipulating, and representing spatial information; a itinerary of cerebration about spatial data; a commodified object that has pecuniary potential and value; and a skillful tool that has strategical value (p. 3).

Not completely is GIS multifaceted in its technical capabilities, it is multidimensional in its social and cultural capabilities as well, allowing for brand-new demographic tools, new forms of workplace domination, novel commodities, new slipway of identifying property and nature and new ways of waging war (Pickles, in Pickles, 1995, p. 4).

Perhaps the most important contri notwithstandingion that GIS has offered is the ability to spousal relationship the material description of space - what one might skirt the cartographic aspects of geography - with the humansistic geographical rivet on the individualistic experience of place and environment. Physical geography has long had a positivistic bent stressing the importance of regularity and couch and elevating impartial empirical observation. Humanistic social geography hi

However, while such capabilities sound only beneficial, they are not unproblematic, as geographers own discovered in using GIS over the past two decades and in move to define its role within the discipline.

ghlights individual experience and includes emotional and cognitive elements of perception (Johnston, in Johnston, 1985, p. 16).

The technological flexibility and edification of GIS allows for a meshing of these two types of mapping and this no enquiry accounts for the basis of its popularity: GIS allows geographers to create maps that reproduce not only the natural features of the earth, but also the characteristics of populations living in proximity to those physical features and cognitive, psychological and social aspects of the relationships of those populations to their physical environments.

Any agreement of the way that GIS has developed and may continue to develop depends not only on an understanding of GIS itself but also on an understanding of the purpose of geography as a discipline. Geographers have traditionally been interested in the physical world, the environment, and nature and in how these terzetto relate to tribe. Many and perhaps even most geographers have interpreted this relationship in spatial terms; however other geographers have been more interested in perspectives that focus on understanding humans' sense of sense, the concept of regionality, the idea of the landscape, the human creation of different types of environment and the relationship between citizenry and their physical world (Pickles, 1985, p. 154). This latter form of geography sees space not as the primary organizational relationship but as subsidiary to humanistic relationships. The result of this internal deal is a certain intellectual tension at the eye of geography that seemed to be resolved by GIS. (Alternately it might be argued that GIS gave a legitimacy to the ambiguity long at the subject matter of the geographic enterprise.) If one can map both people and t
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